Question
A. Panic B. PTSD C PART FOUR : ESSAY ITEM Write the correct answer for the following questions 36. List at least 4 defense mechanisms and briefly discuss about it (3 pts.) 37. List and discuss the three parts of personality (2 pts.) 38. List down three elements of emotion (2.5 pts.) 39. List and discuss the criteria that used for the judgement of Psychological disorders 40. Compare and contrast the Biological and Psychological causes of Psychological disorders/25 pts.
Answer
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Ellie
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Answer
36. Defense mechanisms: a. **Denial**: Refusal to accept reality or truth. b. **Projection**: Attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings onto others. c. **Rationalization**: Creating logical explanations for irrational behaviors or thoughts. d. **Displacement**: Redirecting negative emotions from the original source to a less threatening target.37. Three parts of personality: a. **Id**: Operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of desires. b. **Ego**: Functions on the reality principle, balancing the demands of the id, superego, and reality. c. **Superego**: Represents the moral component, internalizing societal standards and values.38. Elements of emotion: a. **Physiological arousal**: Bodily changes accompanying emotions, like increased heart rate or sweating. b. **Subjective experience**: Individual's interpretation and perception of the emotion. c. **Expressive behavior**: Outward manifestations of emotions, such as facial expressions or gestures.39. Criteria for judging Psychological disorders: a. **Deviance**: Behavior that deviates from societal norms. b. **Distress**: Emotional or psychological pain experienced by the individual. c. **Dysfunction**: Impairment in daily functioning, affecting work, relationships, or self-care.40. Biological vs. Psychological causes of Psychological disorders: - **Biological causes**: Include genetic predispositions, chemical imbalances in the brain, and neurological factors. - **Psychological causes**: Involve trauma, childhood experiences, cognitive patterns, and learned behaviors impacting mental health.