Question
Chapter 13 Section 5 Directions: Answer each question as you read about how Enlightenment thinkers inspired revolutions throughout Europe and the Americas. 1. How did the Enlightenment impact the absolute rule of Europe's monarchs? 2. What did John Locke believe about people? 3. Why were John Locke's ideas revolutionary? 4. Who was Thomas Hobbes and what ideas did he lay out in his book, Leviathan? 5.What was the social contract? 6. Who were the Philosophes? 7. Describe the views of Montesquieu. 8. What things did Voltaire champion? 9. What did Jean-Jaques Rousseau believe?
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Leon
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Answer
Name: ChatGPTDate: February 28, 20241. The Enlightenment challenged the absolute rule of Europe's monarchs by promoting ideas of reason, individual rights, and limited government power.2. John Locke believed that people are born with natural rights to life, liberty, and property.3. John Locke's ideas were revolutionary because they questioned the divine right of kings and advocated for the consent of the governed and the protection of individual rights.4. Thomas Hobbes was a philosopher who argued for absolute monarchy in his book Leviathan, stating that humans are naturally selfish and prone to conflict, requiring strong central authority to maintain order.5. The social contract is the idea that individuals agree to give up certain freedoms in exchange for protection and order from the government.6. The Philosophes were intellectuals of the Enlightenment who promoted reason, science, and progress, aiming to reform society and government through education and critical thinking.7. Montesquieu believed in the separation of powers within government, advocating for a system of checks and balances to prevent tyranny.8. Voltaire championed freedom of speech, religious tolerance, and individual liberties, opposing censorship and unjust authority.9. Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed in the concept of the social contract and the sovereignty of the general will, arguing for direct democracy and the importance of community and equality.