After unification in 1871, the new German empire emerged as an industrial giant. Several factors made industrialization in Germany possible,such as ample iron and coal resources. These are the basic ingredients for industrial development. A disciplined and educated workforce also helped the economy grow The German middle class created a productive and efficient society that prided itself on its sense of responsibility 1. Additionally, a growing population provided a huge home market for goods and a large supply of industrial workers. German industrialists recognized the value of applied science in developing new products,such as synthetic chemicals and dyes. Both industrialists and the government supported scientific research and development. The government also promoted economic devel- opment. It issued a single form of currency for Germany and reorga- nized the banking system The leaders of the new empire were determined to maintain economic strength as well as military power. Bismarck pursued several foreign-policy goals. He wanted to keep France weak and build strong links with Austria and Russia. On the domestic front,Bismarck, called "the Iron Chancellor," targeted the Catholic Church and the Socialists. He believed these groups posed a threat to the new German state.He thought Catholics would be more loyal to the Church than to Germany. He also worried that Socialists would undermine the loyalty of workers and turn them toward revolution Bismarck tried to repress both groups, but his efforts failed. For example the Kulturkampf was a set of laws intended to weaken the role of the Church.Instead, the faithful ral- lied to support the Church. When repressing the Socialists failed to work, Bismarck changed course and pioneered social reform. In 1888, William II became the kaiser. He believed that his right to rule came from God, and he shocked Europe by asking Bismarck to resign. Not surprisingly, William II resisted efforts to introduce democratic reforms However, his government provided many social welfare programs to help certain groups of people. The gov- ernment also provided services such as cheap transportation and electricity. Review Questions did the German government do to promote economic development? did Bismarck believe German state? READIN What two ingre for industrial d VOCA What do mean in tence? cals a nature Using for s Prentice

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After unification in 1871, the new German empire emerged as an industrial giant. Several factors made industrialization in Germany possible,such as ample iron and coal resources. These are the basic ingredients for industrial development. A disciplined and educated workforce also helped the economy grow The German middle class created a productive and efficient society that prided itself on its sense of responsibility 1. Additionally, a growing population provided a huge home market for goods and a large supply of industrial workers. German industrialists recognized the value of applied science in developing new products,such as synthetic chemicals and dyes. Both industrialists and the government supported scientific research and development. The government also promoted economic devel- opment. It issued a single form of currency for Germany and reorga- nized the banking system The leaders of the new empire were determined to maintain economic strength as well as military power. Bismarck pursued several foreign-policy goals. He wanted to keep France weak and build strong links with Austria and Russia. On the domestic front,Bismarck, called "the Iron Chancellor," targeted the Catholic Church and the Socialists. He believed these groups posed a threat to the new German state.He thought Catholics would be more loyal to the Church than to Germany. He also worried that Socialists would undermine the loyalty of workers and turn them toward revolution Bismarck tried to repress both groups, but his efforts failed. For example the Kulturkampf was a set of laws intended to weaken the role of the Church.Instead, the faithful ral- lied to support the Church. When repressing the Socialists failed to work, Bismarck changed course and pioneered social reform. In 1888, William II became the kaiser. He believed that his right to rule came from God, and he shocked Europe by asking Bismarck to resign. Not surprisingly, William II resisted efforts to introduce democratic reforms However, his government provided many social welfare programs to help certain groups of people. The gov- ernment also provided services such as cheap transportation and electricity. Review Questions did the German government do to promote economic development? did Bismarck believe German state? READIN What two ingre for industrial d VOCA What do mean in tence? cals a nature Using for s Prentice

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1. The German government promoted economic development by issuing a single form of currency for Germany, reorganizing the banking system, supporting scientific research and development, and maintaining a disciplined and educated workforce.2. Bismarck believed Catholics posed a threat to the new German state because he thought they would be more loyal to the Catholic Church than to Germany. He feared that this loyalty might undermine the unity of the German state.

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