X 11. Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding the {}^ast 0/3 difference between classical and operant conditioning? Classical conditioning involves the acquisition of voluntary responses whereas X operant conditioning involves reflexes. Classical conditioning involves the formation of associations between two stimuli, whereas operant conditioning involves the formation of associations between responses and their consequences. Classical conditioning was first demonstrated by Edward Thorndike's studies with cats, whereas operant conditioning was first demonstrated by Ivan Pavlov's studies with dogs. Classical conditioning involves a learner's active response in order to obtain reinforcement, whereas in operant conditioning the learner is passive. Classical conditioning relies mostly on negative reinforcement, whereas operant conditioning relies mostly on positive reinforcement.