Question
Question One 4) State the direction of movement of electrons in a conductor. (ii) Name the types of conductors. (iii) In one type of conductor, the particles that make up the conductor is not involved in conduction process.Name the conductor and what the particles do during conduction. (iv). Chemical changes in electrolytic conductors are a function of __ and __ (v). When a number of ions are present for discharge at an electrode what f factor determines the preferred ion for discharge? (vi). How do ions move in a closed circuit? (vii). The term conductance means __ (viii). Conductivity or specific conductance is __ (ix)What is the merit of knowing the transport of charged species? (x) State the mathematical definition of conductance. &= Question Two a. The equation wedge _(m)=(K)/(C) defines the molar conductivity of a solution (i) Define the terms (ii Why does the value of Lambda _(m) in the equation strongly depend on the concentration of th solution? (iii)What is the unit of Lambda _(m) ? (iv) State Kohlarausch's law. (v) State the law o independent migration b. Write notes on mobility of ions. c. On the basis of Debye Hủckel-Onsaga r Theory of conductance , explain the reductio in equivalent conductance of weak and strong electrolytes.
Answer
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Sarah
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Answer
1. (ii) Metallic, Gaseous or Ion, Liquid, Semi, and Superconductors(ii) Electrolytic, particles do not move rather they disperse electrons(iv) Function of Voltage and Chemical Composition(v) Electrochemical potential(vi) Close Circuit Loop(vii) The degree with which objects/materials conduct electricity(viii) Measurement of how well a substance conducts electric current(ix) Perfect Permittivity and Zero Permeability(x) G = 1/R2. Sub-multiples answers:(i) Molar Conductivity, Concentration(ii) Client call with insufficient data(iii) Siemens Meter Sq Per Mole(iv) Kohlrausch's(v) Independent Migration of IonsOther than that, minute shorts on Ion Mobility and intricacies of Debye-Hückel-Onsager Theory of conductance respectively explans the equivalent conductance/migration of weak-lyt and strong-lytes.
Explanation
(i) Electrons in a conductor move opposite to the direction of current usually moving from the negative end of a potential difference source to the positive terminal.(ii) The various types of conductors include Metallic conductors, gaseous or ion conductors, liquid conductors, fifty conductors, and superconductors among others. (iii) During conduction in an electrolytic conductor, the particles (atoms, molecules, or ions) within the conductor does not move along with the charge. Instead, electrons are dispensed from one step to another.(iv) In electrolytic conductors, chemical changes are majorly a function of two things; an applied source of potential difference (voltage), and the chemical composition of the conductor.(v) The factor that denotes which ions get discharged when multiple ions are present at an electrode is the electrochemical potential of each ion- the ione with least electrochemical potential gets discharged.(vi) In a closed (electrical) circuit, ions move to maintain a closed circuit loop due to the flow of charges.(vii) Conductance refers to the degree with which objects or materials conduct electricity.(viii) Conductivity or specific conductance symbolizes the measure of the capability of a substance to conduct electric current.(ix) The merit of knowing transport of charged species falls under the practice of Electrical Conductance - which forms the basis for understanding simple electric cables and high-technology IC boards creation. It also enables advancements in the electrical and telecommunications sector.(x) Defined mathematically, conductance ( G ) equals the reciprocal of resistance ( R ), represented as: G = 1/R, where the units used are Siemens or mho (ohm spelt backward).Regarding question two:(i) Λm refers to the molar conductivity of the solution and symbolizes how well an ion can move through a solution. K on the other hand represents a constant (scaling factor based on setup), and c is the concentration of the solute ions. (ii) High concentration solutions mean ions interact more often and thus move to the opposite electrodes more slowly - diffusion slows down. Hence, the value of Λm strongly depends on the concentration. (iii) The molar conductivity Λm is typically measured in "siemens meter-squared per mole" (S.m^2/mol). (iv) Kohlrausch's law ( Kl= Σvλ') states that the molar conductivity of an electrolyte, Kl at infinite dilution; is the sum of individual contributions of the cation and anion each multiplied by the number of ions present in one formula unit of the electrolyte. (v) The law of independent migration verily states that each type of ion has a definite limiting ionic conductivity at infinite dilution independently of nature and dilution of other ions present in the solution.b. Notes on mobility of ions have critical insights into processes of ion concentration that governs ionic transport phenomena in systems that include fuel cells, solar fuel systems or rechargeable batteries thermal regulators. Ions can move with differences in velocities which is termed as "Mobility" c. Debye-Hückel-Onsager equation describes the equivalent conductance of a strong electrolyte while the reduction in equivalent conductance of strong and weak electrolytes indicates that with high dilution, the bold character of weak electrolytes increase therfore giving more the number if ions making them conductor.