Mabel Ping-Hua Loe: How Chlnese-American Women Helped Shape the Suffrage Movement by Cathleen D. Cahili (excerpt) (1) Mabel Ping-Hua Leo was a feminist ploneer. She was the first Chinese woman in the United States to earn her doctorate and an advocate for the rights of women and the Chinese community In America. However, due to discriminatory immigration laws, she was unable to become a citizen of the United States. Despite this injustice she played an important part in the fight for voting rights both in the United States and in China. (2) In 1912, suffrage leaders in New York Invited sixteen-year- old Mabel to ride in the honor guard that would lead their massive sufrage parade up Fifth Avenue __ (3) Mabel Lee was one of the very few Chinese women who lived in the United States in the early twentieth century. This was because Congress had passed harsh laws aimed at keeping Chinese immigrants out of the United States.In the mid-nineteenth century, men from China came to work in the mines and to build the railroads. White Americans held many negative stereotypes about the "Oriental" Chinese fueled by the prevalent bias of the period, assuming the Chinese had inherently "passive" or "servie"natures that made them unable to participate in democratic governments. Immigration laws codified these racist ideas about who could be an American citizen. Specifically, Congress passed two laws to accide Chinese pople from entering the Univer Statos. The first law, the Page Act of 1875, was aimed at Chinese women, though it used the language of excluding prostitutes (most Americans believed any Chinese woman who was immigrating was coming to the United States for the purpose of serving as a prostitute). The second law, the 1882 Exclusion Act, dramatically shrunk the number of Chinese immigrants (men and women)admitted into the United States and denied that they could become naturalized citizens. This made the Chinese the only people in the world who were ineligible to become US citizens. __ (4) Mabel Lee immigrated to the United States from Canton Select the correct answer. What is the author's main purpose in writing this toxt? A. to highlight Mabel Ping-Hua Lee's accomplishments and provide information about the role of Chinese women in the suffrage movement B. to summarize the meeting between white and Chinese women that look place before the 1912 suffragist parade in New York C. to explain what led Congress to pass the 1882 Exclusion Act which prohibited ad Chinese people from becoming naturalized citizens D. to describe Pearl Mark Loo's harrowing tale about being detained by the Immigration and Naturalization Service