28. Many human cells can be stimulated to divide by hormonelike growth factors that bind to receptor proteins (R) on the plasma membrane and trigger an internal signal -transduction cascade. In many cases, however, the process of contact inhibition prevents mitosis when cells are in direct contact with one another. Contact inhibition occurs when proteins called cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) interact, causing them to change shape so that the growth factor signaling proteins that normally associate with CAMs are replaced by another protein , called M. Both pathways are depicted in the figures below. square Which of the following statements accurately uses the information presented to support the hypothesis that interruption of M function in a single body cell can result in cancer? (A) Protein 3 will be prevented from interacting withCAMs, causing the cell cycle to stop permanently. (B) The ras protein will remain bound to DNA, blocking expression of genes required for mitosis. (C) Growth-factor signaling can trigger mitosis in cells that are in direct contact with other cells. (D) The receptor proteins of body cells will no longer bind to growth-factor proteins.

Question

28. Many human cells can be stimulated to divide by hormonelike growth factors that bind to receptor proteins (R) on the plasma membrane and trigger an internal signal -transduction cascade. In many cases, however, the process of contact inhibition prevents mitosis when cells are in direct contact with one another. Contact inhibition occurs when proteins called cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) interact, causing them to change shape so that the growth factor signaling proteins that normally associate with CAMs are replaced by another protein , called M. Both pathways are depicted in the figures below. square Which of the following statements accurately uses the information presented to support the hypothesis that interruption of M function in a single body cell can result in cancer? (A) Protein 3 will be prevented from interacting withCAMs, causing the cell cycle to stop permanently. (B) The ras protein will remain bound to DNA, blocking expression of genes required for mitosis. (C) Growth-factor signaling can trigger mitosis in cells that are in direct contact with other cells. (D) The receptor proteins of body cells will no longer bind to growth-factor proteins.

Answer 1

To answer this question, we need to understand the role of protein M in the process of contact inhibition and how its interruption could potentially lead to cancer.Step 1: Understand the role of protein M in contact inhibition.According to the information provided, protein M is involved in the process of contact inhibition, which prevents mitosis when cells are in direct contact with one another. This is a crucial mechanism that regulates cell division and ensures that cells do not proliferate uncontrollably.Step 2: Consider the consequences of interrupting M function.If the function of protein M is interrupted, the process of contact inhibition would likely be compromised. This means that even when cells are in direct contact with each other, they might still be stimulated to divide if the growth-factor signaling is not properly regulated.Step 3: Evaluate the answer choices in the context of the role of protein M.(A) This choice suggests that protein 3's interaction with CAMs would stop the cell cycle permanently. However, the question is about the interruption of M function leading to cancer, which implies uncontrolled cell division, not a permanent halt.(B) This choice discusses the ras protein remaining bound to DNA, which is not directly related to the function of protein M in contact inhibition.(C) This choice suggests that growth-factor signaling can trigger mitosis in cells that are in direct contact with other cells if the function of M is interrupted. This aligns with the idea that without proper contact inhibition, cells could divide uncontrollably, which is a characteristic of cancer.(D) This choice suggests that receptor proteins will no longer bind to growth-factor proteins if M function is interrupted. However, the scenario described in the question implies that it is the interaction between CAMs and M that is affected, not the binding of growth factors to their receptors.Step 4: Select the correct answer.Based on the analysis, the statement that best uses the information to support the hypothesis that interruption of M function in a single body cell can result in cancer is:(C) Growth-factor signaling can trigger mitosis in cells that are in direct contact with other cells.Final Answer: (C) is the correct choice because it accurately describes how the interruption of M function could lead to a breakdown in contact inhibition, potentially resulting in uncontrolled cell division and cancer.

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