The diagram is a representation of part of a plant cell. Identify the locations where proton concentration builds up during photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are two fundamental processes in plant cells that involve the movement and concentration of protons (H+ ions) across membranes. Let's identify the locations where proton concentration builds up during each process:Photosynthesis:1. Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells.2. Within the chloroplasts, the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place in the thylakoid membranes.3. When light is absorbed by the chlorophyll and other pigments, water molecules are split into oxygen, electrons, and protons (H+ ions).4. The electrons move through the electron transport chain, and as they do, protons are pumped from the stroma into the thylakoid lumen.5. This creates a high concentration of protons inside the thylakoid lumen, generating a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane.6. The protons flow back into the stroma through ATP synthase, driving the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.Answer for photosynthesis: The proton concentration builds up inside the thylakoid lumen of the chloroplasts.Cellular Respiration:1. Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria of plant cells.2. Within the mitochondria, the electron transport chain is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane.3. As electrons are passed along the chain, protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space.4. This creates a high concentration of protons in the intermembrane space, generating a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.5. The protons flow back into the matrix through ATP synthase, similarly driving the synthesis of ATP.Answer for cellular respiration: The proton concentration builds up in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria.Final Answer: During photosynthesis, the proton concentration builds up inside the thylakoid lumen of the chloroplasts, and during cellular respiration, it builds up in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria.