Leon is forced to do a great deal of memorization while studying for his final exams.Unfortunately, his next-door neighbor has a dog that is prone to bark at night. The barking coincides almost precisely with Leon's REM sleep cycle,so on the night before his exams., it interrupts his ability to dream. The next day, Leon does very poorly on those exams.According to the information-processing theory of dreams, one explanation for his poor performance is that: he did not study hard enough. the latent content of the exam material did not relate to the manifest content. the barking interfered with his REM sleep, which in turn interfered with memory consolidation. the barking increased neural activity.