1. (a) State the two quantities that must be measured to establish the rate of a chemical reaction and cite several factors that affect the rate of a chemical formation of N_(2) are (b) Explain why the rate of disappearance of NO not the same in the reaction. 2CO(g)+2NO_((g))arrow 2CO_(2(g))+N_(2(g)) and the rate of marks) (2 marks) (c) In a reaction mechanism: (i) what is the difference between an activated complex and an intermediate (ii) rate determining step and rate of reaction (4 marks)

(a) To establish the rate of a chemical reaction, the two quantities that must be measured are the concentration of reactants/products and the time. Factors affecting the rate of a chemical reaction include temperature, concentration of reactants, surface area, catalysts, and the nature of the reactants.(b) The rate of disappearance of is not the same as the rate of formation of in the reaction because the stoichiometric coefficients of and are different. The rate of disappearance of is twice the rate of formation of due to the stoichiometric ratio of 2:1.(c) (i) An activated complex (or transition state) is a temporary, high-energy arrangement of atoms that forms during the course of a reaction and exists at the peak of the reaction energy profile. An intermediate, on the other hand, is a species that is formed during the reaction but is not present in the final products; it is more stable than the activated complex but less stable than the reactants or products.(ii) The rate-determining step is the slowest step in a reaction mechanism that determines the overall rate of the reaction. The rate of reaction is the speed at which reactants are converted into products, and it is governed by the rate-determining step.