April 17: Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina followed quickly. 5. Who served as president of the Confederacy? 6. Which of the following states did not join the Confederacy? a. Arkansas b. Ohio c. Tennessee d. South Carolina No state left the Union with greater reluctance than Virginia. Its statesmen had a leading part in the winning of the Revolution and the provided the nation with five presidents. With Virginia went Colonel Robert E. Lee, who declined the command of the Union Army out of loyalty to his native state. Between the enlarged Confederacy and the free-soil North lay the border slave states of Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri, which, despite some sympathy with the South, would remain loyal to the Union. 7. Name the four border slaveholding states that remained loyal to the Union. Each side entered the war with high hopes for an early victory. In material resources the North enjoyed a decided advantage. Twenty-three states with a population of 22 million were arrayed against 11 states inhabited by nine million, including slaves. The industrial superiority of the North exceeded even its preponderance in population, providing it with abundant facilities for manufacturing arms and ammunition, clothing, and other supplies. It had a greatly superior railway network. 8. List three advantages of the North. The South nonetheless had certain advantages. The most important was geography; the South was fighting a defensive war on its own territory. It could establish its independence simply by beating off the Northern armies. The South also had a stronger military tradition, and possessed the more experienced military leaders. 9. List three advantages of the South.