2. (a) Define each of the following terms as applied to a.c generation: (i) instantaneous values; (ii) amplitude: this is the (4 marks) (b) With the aid of a labelled diagram, explain the operation of a.c generators. (8 marks) (c) With the aid of a circuit diagram, describe voltage measurement using a voltage transformer in a single phase a.c circuit. (5 marks) (d) A current of 245 A flows through a 39mu F capacitor connected across a 50 Hz supply. Determine the supply voltage. (3 marks) __

(a) (i) Instantaneous values: These are the values of voltage or current at a specific moment in time in an alternating current (a.c) waveform.(ii) Amplitude: This is the maximum value of the voltage or current in an a.c waveform.(b) An a.c generator operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction. When a coil rotates in a magnetic field, an electromotive force (EMF) is induced in the coil. The diagram typically includes a rotating coil within a magnetic field, slip rings, and brushes. As the coil rotates, it cuts through the magnetic field lines, inducing an alternating voltage.(c) Voltage measurement using a voltage transformer in a single-phase a.c circuit involves connecting the primary winding of the transformer to the supply voltage. The secondary winding is connected to a voltmeter. The transformer steps down the voltage to a safe level for measurement. The circuit diagram includes the primary and secondary windings of the transformer and the voltmeter connected to the secondary winding.(d) To determine the supply voltage, we use the formula: where , , and .Calculating the supply voltage: