Section 1.2 The Court System and Trial Procedures Define the following terms: Jurisdiction Appellate Court Alternative Dispute Resolution I Arrest Bail Detention Hearing Arraignment Informal Mediator Jeopardy Answer the following questions from the foundations of law section: 1. What is the difference between a civil and criminal case?Give an example of both 2. What is the role of the United States Supreme Court? 3. Under what conditions can a police officer search a person?

Question

Section 1.2 The Court System and Trial Procedures Define the following terms: Jurisdiction Appellate Court Alternative Dispute Resolution I Arrest Bail Detention Hearing Arraignment Informal Mediator Jeopardy Answer the following questions from the foundations of law section: 1. What is the difference between a civil and criminal case?Give an example of both 2. What is the role of the United States Supreme Court? 3. Under what conditions can a police officer search a person?

Answer 1

**Definitions:**1. **Jurisdiction:** The legal authority or power of a court to hear and decide a case within a specific geographical area or over certain types of cases.2. **Appellate Court:** A court with the authority to review and hear appeals from lower courts, focusing on errors in legal procedures or interpretations rather than reexamining the facts of the case.3. **Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR):** Methods of resolving legal disputes outside of traditional litigation, including mediation and arbitration, aimed at reaching a settlement without going to court.4. **Arrest:** The act of taking a person into custody by legal authority, typically law enforcement, for alleged criminal activities.5. **Bail:** The temporary release of an accused person awaiting trial, often secured by a financial guarantee to ensure the individual's appearance in court.6. **Arraignment:** The formal court proceeding where the accused is informed of the charges against them, asked to enter a plea, and informed of their rights.7. **Detention Hearing:** A court proceeding to determine whether a person should be held in custody before trial, often considering factors like flight risk or danger to the community.8. **Informal:** Not bound by formal procedures or rules, characterized by a lack of strict structure or ceremony.9. **Mediator:** A neutral third party who facilitates communication and negotiation between parties in a dispute, aiming to help them reach a mutually acceptable resolution.10. **Jeopardy:** The legal risk or danger of being subject to criminal prosecution, punishment, or the loss of life, liberty, or property.**Answering Questions:**1. **Difference between Civil and Criminal Case:** - *Civil Case:* Involves disputes between private parties seeking compensation or specific actions, e.g., a personal injury lawsuit. - *Criminal Case:* Involves the prosecution by the government of a person for an act considered a crime, e.g., a robbery trial.2. **Role of the United States Supreme Court:** - To serve as the highest appellate court in the country, hearing cases involving constitutional issues, federal laws, and disputes between states.3. **Conditions for a Police Officer to Search a Person:** - Generally, a police officer can search a person if they have a valid search warrant, probable cause, or if the individual consents to the search. Exceptions include searches incident to a lawful arrest or during a stop and frisk when there's a reasonable suspicion of criminal activity.