3. This diagram shows a cladogram of six species based on amino acid similarities. Which two species are the most closely related? a. land II b. II and IV C. I and V d. Vand VI

To determine which two species are the most closely related based on the cladogram, we need to look for the two species that share the most recent common ancestor. The most closely related species will be the ones that branch off from the same point on the cladogram without any other species branching off between them.Step 1: Identify the branching points for each pair of species.- For species I and II, look at where their branches meet before reaching the common ancestor.- For species II and IV, look at where their branches meet before reaching the common ancestor.- For species I and V, look at where their branches meet before reaching the common ancestor.- For species V and VI, look at where their branches meet before reaching the common ancestor.Step 2: Determine the most recent common ancestor for each pair.- The most recent common ancestor for species I and II is the point where their branches meet.- The most recent common ancestor for species II and IV is the common ancestor of all species because they do not share a more recent branching point.- The most recent common ancestor for species I and V is the common ancestor of all species because they do not share a more recent branching point.- The most recent common ancestor for species V and VI is the point where their branches meet.Step 3: Compare the common ancestors to find the most closely related species.- The most closely related species will be the ones with the branching point that is furthest from the common ancestor of all species.Based on the description of the cladogram, species V and VI share the most recent common ancestor because their branches meet without any other species branching off between them. Therefore, they are the most closely related.Answer: d. V and VI