(b) Table 2 gives the results of chromatography experiments that were carried out on some known food colours, using the same solvent as the students. Table 2 }(c) Name of food colour & Distance from start line to solvent front in mathrm(mm) & Distance moved by food colour in mathrm(mm) value Ponceau 4R & 62 & 59 & 0.95 Carmoisine & 74 & 45 & 0.61 Fast red & 67 & 27 & 0.40 Erythrosine & 58 & 17 & 0.29 Which of the food colours in Table 2 could be food colour mathbf(C) from the chromatogram? Give the reason for your answer. d) Two types of chromatography are gas chromatography and paper chromatography. Give one advantage of gas chromatography compared with paper chromatography. (Total 8

## Step 1: Understanding the problemThe problem involves the concept of chromatography. In chromatography, a mixture is separated into its individual components. The separation is based on the different rates at which the components move along the chromatography paper. The rate of movement is represented by the value, which is calculated by dividing the distance moved by the substance by the distance moved by the solvent.## Step 2: Identifying the food colourTo identify the food colour from the chromatogram, we need to compare the values of the food colours in Table 2 with the value of food colour . The food colour with the same value as food colour is the one that could be food colour . However, the problem does not provide the value of food colour , so we cannot identify the food colour.## Step 3: Comparing gas chromatography and paper chromatographyGas chromatography has several advantages over paper chromatography. One of the main advantages is that gas chromatography is more sensitive and can detect smaller quantities of a substance compared to paper chromatography.### The formula for calculating the value is:###