Question
6. Describe the effects of the Crusades. Economic square Political square Social 1.What were the "Crusades"? 2. Who called for the first crusade? When? Where? 3. Who asked the Pope for help? Why? 4. Describe 2 motivations for the Pope to call for the Crusades. a. 5. How many crusades were there? What were the military results? 7. Why do you think some historians refer to the Crusades as the most successful failures in history? square
Answer
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Wesley
Master · Tutor for 5 years
Answer
1. The Crusades were a series of religious wars sanctioned by the Latin Church in the medieval period, primarily against Muslims in the Holy Land and Eastern Europe.2. The first Crusade was called by Pope Urban II in 1095 at the Council of Clermont in France.3. Emperor Alexios I Komnenos of the Byzantine Empire asked Pope Urban II for help against the Seljuk Turks who were threatening Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire.4. Motivations for the Pope to call for the Crusades: a. To reunite Christendom under papal authority and assert the power of the Catholic Church. b. To reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim control and secure Jerusalem for Christianity.5. There were a total of nine major crusades. The military results varied, but generally, the Crusaders achieved some initial success, such as capturing Jerusalem during the First Crusade, but subsequent campaigns faced setbacks and ultimately failed to hold onto significant territories in the Holy Land.6. Effects of the Crusades: - Economic: Increased trade between Europe and the Middle East, leading to economic growth and the exchange of goods and ideas. - Political: Strengthened the power of European monarchs and the papacy, while weakening the Byzantine Empire. - Social: Encouraged religious fervor and militarism in European society, as well as cultural exchange between the East and West.7. Some historians refer to the Crusades as the most successful failures because while they ultimately failed in their primary objective of permanently securing the Holy Land for Christianity, they had significant long-term effects on European society, including economic, political, and social changes, as well as shaping the relationship between the East and West.