Question
d. The double melix structure of DNA 5. How does the central dogma connect DNA, RN A, and proteins? 6. What do you predict would happen to the length of a human pregnancy if there was a single origin of replication on each chromosome? 7. What is the function of the proofreading step of replication ? What might happen if this step were skipped? 8. What process did Watson and Crick use to develop their model of DNA , and how did it differ from the controlled experiments used by Griffith , Avery, and Hershey and Chase?
Answer
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(198 Votes)
Otis
Master · Tutor for 5 years
Answer
1. The Central Dogma describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to proteins.2. If there was a single origin of replication on each chromosome, human pregnancy would be longer due to slower DNA replication.3. Proofreading during DNA replication corrects errors; skipping this step increases the risk of mutations.4. Watson and Crick built models to deduce the DNA structure, unlike the controlled experiments by Griffith, Avery, Hershey, and Chase who demonstrated the role of DNA empirically.
Explanation
1. **The Central Dogma**: The Central Dogma of molecular biology explains the flow of genetic information within a biological system. It describes the process through which DNA is transcribed into RNA and RNA is translated into proteins. DNA's sequences serve as templates to produce messenger RNA (mRNA) through transcription, and then mRNA guides the synthesis of proteins in a process called translation. 2. **Prediction with a Single Origin of Replication**: Human chromosomes have multiple origins of replication to ensure the entire genome is replicated efficiently within a reasonable time frame. If there were only a single origin of replication per chromosome, the process would be significantly slower, likely prolonging cell division and extending the length of pregnancy.3. **Proofreading in Replication**: The proofreading function of DNA polymerase corrects base-pairing errors during DNA replication, ensuring fidelity in the DNA sequence. If this step were skipped, the rate of mutations would increase, potentially leading to genomic instability and various genetic disorders.4. **Watson and Crick's Process**: Watson and Crick used model building to develop the double helix structure of DNA. They integrated existing experimental data from Rosalind Franklin's X-ray diffraction images and Chargaff's rules. This method was different from the controlled experiments carried out by Griffith, Avery, and Hershey and Chase, who used experimental approaches to demonstrate the transformation principle and the role of DNA as the genetic material.