Question
f. State the condition for total internal reflection of light to occur g. State the law of refraction of light h. List the properties of light wave and explain any two of them with the aid of a diagram i. The critical angle for a transparent substance is 39° . Calculate the refractive index.
Answer
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Answer
f. The condition for total internal reflection of light to occur is that the light must be travelling from a medium with a higher refractive index to one with a lower refractive index, and the angle of incidence must be greater than the critical angle for the two media. g. The law of refraction, also known as Snell's law, states that the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is equal to the ratio of the velocities of light in the two media, or equivalently, to the opposite ratio of the indices of refraction.h. Properties of light waves include reflection, refraction, interference, diffraction, and polarization. For example, reflection is the bouncing back of light when it hits a surface. Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another with a different refractive index.1. The refractive index is approximately 1.589.
Explanation
f. Total internal reflection occurs when light traveling from a medium with a higher refractive index (like water or glass) hits the boundary with a medium of lower refractive index (like air) at an angle larger than a particular critical angle. At this angle and greater, all the light is reflected back into the first medium, and none of it is refracted into the second medium.g. Snell's law, or the law of refraction, is a formula used to describe the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction, when referring to light or other waves passing through a boundary between two different isotropic media, such as water, glass, or air.h. Light waves, like all waves, have properties of reflection, refraction, interference, diffraction, and polarization. Reflection involves a change in direction of waves when they bounce off a barrier. Refraction of waves involves a change in the direction of waves as they pass from one medium to another. Interference involves the superposition of two waves, resulting in a new wave pattern. Diffraction involves a change in direction of waves as they pass through an opening or around a barrier in their path. Polarization involves the restriction of the vibrations of a transverse wave, especially a light wave, wholly or partially to one direction.1. The refractive index of a medium is a measure of how much the speed of light (or other waves) is reduced inside the medium. For light in a vacuum, the speed of light is maximum, so the refractive index is 1. If the light enters another medium, its speed decreases and the refractive index increases. The refractive index can be calculated using the formula: n = 1 / sin(c), where n is the refractive index and c is the critical angle. Here, the critical angle is given as 39°. Plugging this into the formula gives a refractive index of approximately 1.589.