A forensic anthropologist is attending your school's career fair. She brings with her both actual bone specimens as well as a presentation. She picks up a hip bone and says "did you know that when you are born this bone is actually three separate bones: the ilium, ischium,and pubis? And in most of you they are just now beginning to fuse together." Then while holding a femur she explains that "the ends of the long bones fuse to the shaft at various ages,and for the femur this is between 14 and 21 years, and for the clavicle it occurs between 20 and 30 years of age. Why do you think the skeleton starts off with more separate bones and fuses them along the life span? Do are there any advantages to either unfused or fused bones? Claim, Evidence, Reasoning Make Your Claim: Use your CER chart to make a claim about the characteristics of bones that make them valuable to forensic anthropology. Explain your reasoning. Collect Evidence: Use the information in this chapter to collect evidence to support your claim. Record your evidence as you move through the chapter. Explain Your Reasoning: You will revisit your claim and explain your reasoning at the end of this chapter.

Question

A forensic anthropologist is attending your school's career fair. She brings with her both actual bone specimens as well as a presentation. She picks up a hip bone and says "did you know that when you are born this bone is actually three separate bones: the ilium, ischium,and pubis? And in most of you they are just now beginning to fuse together." Then while holding a femur she explains that "the ends of the long bones fuse to the shaft at various ages,and for the femur this is between 14 and 21 years, and for the clavicle it occurs between 20 and 30 years of age. Why do you think the skeleton starts off with more separate bones and fuses them along the life span? Do are there any advantages to either unfused or fused bones? Claim, Evidence, Reasoning Make Your Claim: Use your CER chart to make a claim about the characteristics of bones that make them valuable to forensic anthropology. Explain your reasoning. Collect Evidence: Use the information in this chapter to collect evidence to support your claim. Record your evidence as you move through the chapter. Explain Your Reasoning: You will revisit your claim and explain your reasoning at the end of this chapter.

Answer 1

**Claim:** The characteristics of bones, such as their ability to start off as separate entities and later fuse, are valuable to forensic anthropology for determining age, growth patterns, and developmental stages.**Evidence:** 1. The hip bone starts as three separate bones (ilium, ischium, and pubis) and fuses during adolescence.2. The femur's ends fuse to the shaft between ages 14 and 21.3. The clavicle fuses between ages 20 and 30.**Reasoning:** - **Growth and Flexibility:** Separate bones in early life allow for growth and flexibility, accommodating rapid changes in body size and shape.- **Structural Integrity:** Fused bones provide necessary strength and stability in adulthood, crucial for supporting body weight and movement.- **Forensic Application:** By examining the fusion stages of bones, forensic anthropologists can estimate the age of an individual, which is vital in identifying unknown remains and understanding the life history of skeletal remains.

Answer 2

Bones start off as separate to allow for growth and flexibility during development. Fused bones provide structural integrity and strength in adulthood. These characteristics are valuable to forensic anthropology as they help determine age, growth patterns, and developmental stages of individuals.

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