5. How does the author describe the development of the justice system's understanding and treatment of juvenile offenders over time? __

The author describes the development of the justice system's understanding and treatment of juvenile offenders as evolving from a punitive approach to a more rehabilitative one. Initially, juveniles were treated similarly to adult offenders, but over time, there has been a shift towards recognizing the unique needs and circumstances of young offenders. This shift has led to the development of specialized courts, programs, and interventions aimed at addressing the root causes of juvenile delinquency and promoting rehabilitation rather than punishment.