8. The invention of the longbow had what social impacts (change for people) on the Middle Ages? 9. What principle (idea) was introduced by the Justinian Code that is found in the United States Constitution? 10. What was the purpose (reason) of the Crusades? Which two leaders started them? 11. Why were people so eager to go on the Crusades? What would they gain for going? 12. Why did the Roman Empire split in half? What were the two different sides called? 13. Define the following terms: Scholasticism Feudalism Manorialism 14. Who supported the idea of learning through a combination of the Church and Reason?

<p> <br />1. The social impacts of the longbow in the Middle Ages include changing the nature of warfare by making infantry more powerful and diminishing the dominant role of heavily armored knights.<br />2. The principle introduced by the Justinian Code that is found in the United States Constitution is "the idea of a written code of laws," a concept that was borrowed for the codification of American law.<br />3. The purpose of the Crusades was mainly to recapture the Holy Land from Muslim rule, and they were started by Pope Urban II and the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I.<br />4. People were eager to go on the Crusades for reasons that included the potential for wealth, land, status, adventure, as well as religious motivations promising spiritual merits or penance for sins.<br />5. The Roman Empire split into the Eastern and Western Roman Empires due to a multitude of factors, such as administrative difficulties, military pressures, and complex political, social, and economic problems.<br />6. Scholasticism is a medieval system of philosophy and theology that tried to reconcile faith with reason and the writings of the ancient philosophers.<br />7. Feudalism is a social system that existed in Old Europe, where people worked and fought for nobles who gave them protection and land in return.<br />8. Manorialism describes the economic system of the Middle Ages where peasants worked the land of a lord and paid rent in exchange for protection and land use.<br />9. Saint Thomas Aquinas was an influential philosopher and theologian who supported the idea of learning through both the teachings of the Church and the application of Reason.</p>