In Sophistical Refutations, Aristotle also identifies seven material fallacles, or those rooted in flawed logic Sometimes they're referred to as fallacies of presumption as they often presume an incorrect conclusion or avoid the issue at hand altogether. The fallacy of accident is committed when a general rule is applied to an exceptional direumstance. It might look something like this:"You shouldn't shout "fire' in a crowded theater, so it was wrong for you to do so when you smelled smoke is Secundum quid et simpliciter works similarly. It involves using an exceptional scenario to argue that a rule should be rejected outright. Promoting the abolition of traffic laws because ambulances sometimes run red lights is an example of secundum quid. Affirming the consequent means taking a true statement and saying its converse is also true. For example, if you're in Paris, you must also be in France. But reversing these clauses makes the statement incorrect , because if you're in France.you could be somewhere other than Paris. The next couple of fallacies are more straightforward The fallacy of irrelevant conclusion is exactly what it sounds like: a conclusion that fails to address the topic of the argument. The false cause fallacy is an argument that erroneously assumes one event led to another.And the many questions fallacy involves asking questions that presume information that mary not be true Finally, we have begging the question. Also known as a circular argument this fallacy relies on an argument's conclusion to support its premise Oftentimes, the premise appears to simply repeat the conclusion in different words. Swing that video games are fun because they're enjoyable is begging the question because it doesn't actually explain why rideo games are enjoyable Which of the following is an example of begging the question? A If you don't eat meat at this meal, you're a vegetarian. B Every time I wash my car, it rains the next day. C This medication helps cancer patients, so it would help all people D The book is a bestseller because it sold the most copies.

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In Sophistical Refutations, Aristotle also identifies seven material fallacles, or those rooted in flawed logic Sometimes they're referred to as fallacies of presumption as they often presume an incorrect conclusion or avoid the issue at hand altogether. The fallacy of accident is committed when a general rule is applied to an exceptional direumstance. It might look something like this:"You shouldn't shout "fire' in a crowded theater, so it was wrong for you to do so when you smelled smoke is Secundum quid et simpliciter works similarly. It involves using an exceptional scenario to argue that a rule should be rejected outright. Promoting the abolition of traffic laws because ambulances sometimes run red lights is an example of secundum quid. Affirming the consequent means taking a true statement and saying its converse is also true. For example, if you're in Paris, you must also be in France. But reversing these clauses makes the statement incorrect , because if you're in France.you could be somewhere other than Paris. The next couple of fallacies are more straightforward The fallacy of irrelevant conclusion is exactly what it sounds like: a conclusion that fails to address the topic of the argument. The false cause fallacy is an argument that erroneously assumes one event led to another.And the many questions fallacy involves asking questions that presume information that mary not be true Finally, we have begging the question. Also known as a circular argument this fallacy relies on an argument's conclusion to support its premise Oftentimes, the premise appears to simply repeat the conclusion in different words. Swing that video games are fun because they're enjoyable is begging the question because it doesn't actually explain why rideo games are enjoyable Which of the following is an example of begging the question? A If you don't eat meat at this meal, you're a vegetarian. B Every time I wash my car, it rains the next day. C This medication helps cancer patients, so it would help all people D The book is a bestseller because it sold the most copies.

Answer 1

D. The book is a bestseller because it sold the most copies.**

Answer 2

Option D is an example of begging the question because it presents a circular argument where the premise and the conclusion are essentially the same. The statement does not provide any external reason or evidence as to why the book is a bestseller, other than the fact that it sold many copies, which is the definition of a bestseller. Thus, it does not explain or support the premise with additional information, making it a circular argument.

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