Answer the following questions. Support your answers with evidence from the chapter. HISTORICAL THINKING 16. COMPARE AND CONTRAST HOW did Africans and Europeans differ in their response to Kimpa Vita's ideas?SS.912.W.3.13 17. MAKE INFERENCES Why do you think cowrie shells were used as currency in West Africa? SS.912.W.3.12 18. SYNTHESIZE What political, social and economic impacts did Islam have on Africa? SS.912.W.3.13 19. ANALYZE CAUSE AND EFFECT How did Askia Muhammad build a successful empire?SS.912.W.3.12 20. DRAW CONCLUSION is Why did many enslavers react brutally to slave resistance?SS.912.W.4.15 21. DESCRIBE How did the treatment of enslaved people in West Africa change over time?SS.912.W.4.14 22. MAKE GENERALIZATIONS How did the practice of slavery conflict with religious and political principles in the United States? SS.912.W.4.15 23. FORM AND SUPPORT OPINIONS DO you think Olaudah Equiano's narrative is a reliable source for learning about slavery in the Americas? Support your answer with evidence - SS.912.W.4.14

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Answer the following questions. Support your answers with evidence from the chapter. HISTORICAL THINKING 16. COMPARE AND CONTRAST HOW did Africans and Europeans differ in their response to Kimpa Vita's ideas?SS.912.W.3.13 17. MAKE INFERENCES Why do you think cowrie shells were used as currency in West Africa? SS.912.W.3.12 18. SYNTHESIZE What political, social and economic impacts did Islam have on Africa? SS.912.W.3.13 19. ANALYZE CAUSE AND EFFECT How did Askia Muhammad build a successful empire?SS.912.W.3.12 20. DRAW CONCLUSION is Why did many enslavers react brutally to slave resistance?SS.912.W.4.15 21. DESCRIBE How did the treatment of enslaved people in West Africa change over time?SS.912.W.4.14 22. MAKE GENERALIZATIONS How did the practice of slavery conflict with religious and political principles in the United States? SS.912.W.4.15 23. FORM AND SUPPORT OPINIONS DO you think Olaudah Equiano's narrative is a reliable source for learning about slavery in the Americas? Support your answer with evidence - SS.912.W.4.14

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16. Africans tended to embrace Kimpa Vita's ideas, seeing her as a prophetess advocating for their liberation and cultural resurgence, while Europeans, particularly Catholic missionaries and authorities, viewed her as a threat to their religious and political authority and actively suppressed her movement. This is evident in Kimpa Vita's movement gaining popularity among the Kongolese people, leading to conflict with European missionaries and colonial powers who perceived her as a challenge to their influence.17. Cowrie shells were used as currency in West Africa due to their scarcity and desirability as decorative items. Their adoption as currency likely stemmed from their inherent value as a commodity and their usefulness in trade, as they were easily portable and durable. Additionally, cowrie shells held cultural significance in West African societies, being associated with wealth, status, and spiritual power, which further facilitated their use as currency.18. Islam had significant political, social, and economic impacts on Africa. Politically, Islam facilitated the rise of powerful states and empires such as the Ghana, Mali, and Songhai empires, which embraced Islam as a unifying force and a source of legitimacy for rulers. Socially, Islam promoted literacy, education, and the spread of Islamic values and traditions, fostering cultural exchange and religious syncretism. Economically, Islam facilitated trade networks across the Sahara and Indian Ocean, stimulating commerce and the exchange of goods, ideas, and technology.19. Askia Muhammad built a successful empire by consolidating power through military conquests, promoting Islam as a unifying ideology, establishing efficient administrative structures, and fostering trade and economic prosperity. His leadership emphasized meritocracy, religious tolerance, and centralized authority, which contributed to the stability and expansion of the Songhai Empire.20. Many enslavers reacted brutally to slave resistance because they perceived it as a threat to their economic interests, social order, and control over enslaved populations. Slave resistance challenged the legitimacy of slavery as an institution and posed a risk to the profitability of slave-based economies. Enslavers sought to deter further resistance by employing violence, coercion, and intimidation, using brutal punishments as a means of asserting dominance and maintaining control.21. The treatment of enslaved people in West Africa changed over time due to various factors such as shifts in economic demand, cultural influences, and political dynamics. Initially, enslaved people in West Africa were often prisoners of war or individuals indebted to their captors, with some degree of social mobility and rights within their communities. However, with the expansion of the transatlantic slave trade and increased demand for labor, the treatment of enslaved people became increasingly dehumanizing, with harsher working conditions, stricter control measures, and widespread exploitation.22. The practice of slavery conflicted with religious and political principles in the United States, as it contradicted ideals of equality, liberty, and human rights espoused by democratic principles and religious teachings. While some proponents of slavery attempted to justify it through distorted interpretations of religion and pseudoscientific theories, the inherent immorality and injustice of slavery remained at odds with the principles of freedom and equality enshrined in the United States' founding documents.23. Olaudah Equiano's narrative provides a reliable source for learning about slavery in the Americas due to its firsthand account of the horrors and injustices endured by enslaved people. Equiano's narrative offers valuable insights into the brutality of the transatlantic slave trade, the dehumanizing conditions of slavery, and the resilience and resistance of enslaved individuals. Additionally, Equiano's narrative has been corroborated by historical evidence and other primary sources, lending credibility to his testimony and contributing to our understanding of the transatlantic slave trade and its legacies.

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