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In these isles there are a great many canoes, something like rowing boats, of all sizes, and most of them are larger than an eighteen-oared galley. They are not so broad, as they are made of a single plank, but a galley could not keep up with them in rowing.because they go with incredible speed, and with these they row about among all these islands, which are innumerable, and carry on their commerce , I have seen some of these canoes with seventy and eighty men in them , and each had an oar. In all the islands I observed little difference in the appearance of the people, or in their habits and language, except that they understand each other, which is remarkable. Therefore I hope that their Highnesses will decide upon the conversion of these people to our holy faith, to which they seem much inclined. I have already stated how I sailed one hundred and seven leagues along the sea-coast of Juana, in a straight line from west to east. I can therefore assert that this island is larger than England and Scotland together, since beyond these one hundred and seven leagues there remained at the west point two provinces where I did not go, one of which they call Avan, the home of men with tails. These provinces are computed to be fifty or sixty leagues in length, as far as can be gathered from the Indians with me, who are acquainted with all these islands. This other, Hispaniola , is larger in circumference than all Spain from Catalonia to Fuentarabia in Biscay, since upon one of its four sides I sailed one hundred and eighty-eight leagues from west to east. This is worth having, and must on no account be given up. I have taken possession of all these islands,for their Highnesses, and all may be more extensive than I know, or can say, and I hold them for their Highnesses, who can command them as absolutely as the kingdoms of Castile. In Hispaniola, in they know how to behave themselves properly. In all these islands the men seem to be satisfied with one wife except they allow as many as twenty to their chief or men. The women appear to me to work harder than the men, and so far as I can hear they have nothing of their own, for I think I perceived that what one had others shared, especially food. In the islands so far, I have found no monsters, as some expected, but, on the contrary, they are people of very handsome appearance. They are not black as in Guinea, though their hair is straight and coarse, as it does not grow where the sun's rays are too ardent. And in truth the sun has extreme power here, since it is within twenty- six degrees of the equinoctial line. In these islands there are mountains where the cold this winter was very severe, but the people endure it from habit, and with the aid of the meat they eat with very hot spices. the most convenient place most accessible for the gold mines and all commerce with the mainland on this side or with that of the great Khan, on the other , with which there would be great trade and profit, I have taken possession of a large town, which I have named the City of Navidad. I began fortfications there which should be completed by this time, and I have left in it men enough to hold it, with arms , artillery, and provisions for more than a year; and a boat with a master seaman skilled in the arts necessary to make others; I am so friendly with the king of that country that he was proud to call me his brother and hold me as such. Even should he change his mind and wish to quarrel with my men, neither he nor his subjects know what arms are, nor wear clothes, as I have said . They are the most timid people in the world, so that only the men remaining there could destroy the whole region, and run no risk if Questions: 8. Why did Columbus take possession of lands he visited, and how was this done? 9. How does Columbus describe the role and rights of women in Native American cultures?

Question

In these isles there are a great many canoes, something
like rowing boats, of all sizes, and most of them are
larger than an eighteen-oared galley. They are not so
broad, as they are made of a single plank, but a galley
could not keep up with them in rowing.because they go
with incredible speed, and with these they row about
among all these islands, which are innumerable, and
carry on their commerce , I have seen some of these
canoes with seventy and eighty men in them , and each
had an oar. In all the islands I observed little difference
in the appearance of the people, or in their habits and
language, except that they understand each other,
which is remarkable. Therefore I hope that their
Highnesses will decide upon the conversion of these
people to our holy faith, to which they seem much
inclined. I have already stated how I sailed one hundred
and seven leagues along the sea-coast of Juana, in a
straight line from west to east. I can therefore assert that
this island is larger than England and Scotland together,
since beyond these one hundred and seven leagues there
remained at the west point two provinces where I did not
go, one of which they call Avan, the home of men with
tails. These provinces are computed to be fifty or sixty
leagues in length, as far as can be gathered from the
Indians with me, who are acquainted with all these
islands. This other, Hispaniola , is larger in circumference
than all Spain from Catalonia to Fuentarabia in Biscay,
since upon one of its four sides I sailed one hundred and
eighty-eight leagues from west to east. This is worth
having, and must on no account be given up. I have taken
possession of all these islands,for their Highnesses, and
all may be more extensive than I know, or can say, and I
hold them for their Highnesses, who can command them
as absolutely as the kingdoms of Castile. In Hispaniola, in
they know how to behave themselves properly. In all these
islands the men seem to be satisfied with one wife except
they allow as many as twenty to their chief or men. The
women appear to me to work harder than the men, and so
far as I can hear they have nothing of their own, for I think
I perceived that what one had others shared, especially
food. In the islands so far, I have found no monsters, as
some expected, but, on the contrary, they are people of
very handsome appearance. They are not black as in
Guinea, though their hair is straight and coarse, as it does
not grow where the sun's rays are too ardent. And in truth
the sun has extreme power here, since it is within twenty-
six degrees of the equinoctial line. In these islands there
are mountains where the cold this winter was very severe,
but the people endure it from habit, and with the aid of the
meat they eat with very hot spices.
the most convenient place most accessible for the gold
mines and all commerce with the mainland on this side
or with that of the great Khan, on the other , with which
there would be great trade and profit, I have taken
possession of a large town, which I have named the
City of Navidad. I began fortfications there which should
be completed by this time, and I have left in it men
enough to hold it, with arms , artillery, and provisions for
more than a year; and a boat with a master seaman
skilled in the arts necessary to make others; I am so
friendly with the king of that country that he was proud
to call me his brother and hold me as such. Even should
he change his mind and wish to quarrel with my men,
neither he nor his subjects know what arms are, nor
wear clothes, as I have said . They are the most timid
people in the world, so that only the men remaining
there could destroy the whole region, and run no risk if
Questions:
8. Why did Columbus take possession of lands he visited, and how was this done?
9. How does Columbus describe the role and rights of women in Native American cultures?

In these isles there are a great many canoes, something like rowing boats, of all sizes, and most of them are larger than an eighteen-oared galley. They are not so broad, as they are made of a single plank, but a galley could not keep up with them in rowing.because they go with incredible speed, and with these they row about among all these islands, which are innumerable, and carry on their commerce , I have seen some of these canoes with seventy and eighty men in them , and each had an oar. In all the islands I observed little difference in the appearance of the people, or in their habits and language, except that they understand each other, which is remarkable. Therefore I hope that their Highnesses will decide upon the conversion of these people to our holy faith, to which they seem much inclined. I have already stated how I sailed one hundred and seven leagues along the sea-coast of Juana, in a straight line from west to east. I can therefore assert that this island is larger than England and Scotland together, since beyond these one hundred and seven leagues there remained at the west point two provinces where I did not go, one of which they call Avan, the home of men with tails. These provinces are computed to be fifty or sixty leagues in length, as far as can be gathered from the Indians with me, who are acquainted with all these islands. This other, Hispaniola , is larger in circumference than all Spain from Catalonia to Fuentarabia in Biscay, since upon one of its four sides I sailed one hundred and eighty-eight leagues from west to east. This is worth having, and must on no account be given up. I have taken possession of all these islands,for their Highnesses, and all may be more extensive than I know, or can say, and I hold them for their Highnesses, who can command them as absolutely as the kingdoms of Castile. In Hispaniola, in they know how to behave themselves properly. In all these islands the men seem to be satisfied with one wife except they allow as many as twenty to their chief or men. The women appear to me to work harder than the men, and so far as I can hear they have nothing of their own, for I think I perceived that what one had others shared, especially food. In the islands so far, I have found no monsters, as some expected, but, on the contrary, they are people of very handsome appearance. They are not black as in Guinea, though their hair is straight and coarse, as it does not grow where the sun's rays are too ardent. And in truth the sun has extreme power here, since it is within twenty- six degrees of the equinoctial line. In these islands there are mountains where the cold this winter was very severe, but the people endure it from habit, and with the aid of the meat they eat with very hot spices. the most convenient place most accessible for the gold mines and all commerce with the mainland on this side or with that of the great Khan, on the other , with which there would be great trade and profit, I have taken possession of a large town, which I have named the City of Navidad. I began fortfications there which should be completed by this time, and I have left in it men enough to hold it, with arms , artillery, and provisions for more than a year; and a boat with a master seaman skilled in the arts necessary to make others; I am so friendly with the king of that country that he was proud to call me his brother and hold me as such. Even should he change his mind and wish to quarrel with my men, neither he nor his subjects know what arms are, nor wear clothes, as I have said . They are the most timid people in the world, so that only the men remaining there could destroy the whole region, and run no risk if Questions: 8. Why did Columbus take possession of lands he visited, and how was this done? 9. How does Columbus describe the role and rights of women in Native American cultures?

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8. Columbus took possession of the lands he visited on behalf of their Highnesses (likely referring to the Spanish monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella). He believed that by claiming the lands for Spain, he was fulfilling his mission and securing the support of the crown for future voyages. Columbus took possession by performing a symbolic act of claiming the land in the name of the Spanish crown, often accompanied by the raising of flags or other markers.9. According to Columbus's account, he observes that in the Native American cultures he encountered, men generally seemed satisfied with one wife, although chiefs or important men might have multiple wives (up to twenty). He notes that women appeared to work harder than men and suggests a communal approach to possessions, stating that what one person had, others shared, especially food. Columbus doesn't provide an in-depth analysis of the role and rights of women, but he highlights aspects of their communal lifestyle and the division of labor based on his observations.
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