IV. Identify the types of fallacies committed in the following arguments. If no fallacy is committed please write "no fallacr" (2 pts. each) 1) The students attending Bule Hora University came from one of the ten states. Kebede is attending Bule Hora University Therefore, Kebede came from one of the ten states. 2) Universities in emerging nations should be judged differently from higher education in the developed world, especially in terms of global engagement and internationalization. But have you ever thought of the place of a culture of democracy in education? We need to revise our understanding of what learning is for, that does not ignore its ethical dimension. The Ethiopian Ministry of Science and Education (MoSHE) has developed a Reference Framework of Competences for Democratic Culture that defines 20 competences around values, attitudes, skills and knowledge, and critical understanding The role of democratic culture and unity in diversity nowadays are of paramount importance in higher education. 3) "My mother has dedicated all her resources to support me. She has developed big hope in me when I joined university. If am fired from this university, I can't imagine how heartbroken she is to be.If I score 'B' in your course, I am sure I will pass this semester. So, my Teacher, for my poor mother's sake, I want you to give me a 'B' grade." 4) In spite of the best efforts of the scientific community, no cure for the COVID -19 pandemic has been yet discovered.Therefore, I conclude that it is pointless to continue spending large sums of money looking for a cure. 5) We ought always to respect the right of every Ethiopian to vote Therefore we must allow convicted criminals the right to vote.

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IV. Identify the types of fallacies committed in the following arguments. If no fallacy is committed please write "no fallacr" (2 pts. each) 1) The students attending Bule Hora University came from one of the ten states. Kebede is attending Bule Hora University Therefore, Kebede came from one of the ten states. 2) Universities in emerging nations should be judged differently from higher education in the developed world, especially in terms of global engagement and internationalization. But have you ever thought of the place of a culture of democracy in education? We need to revise our understanding of what learning is for, that does not ignore its ethical dimension. The Ethiopian Ministry of Science and Education (MoSHE) has developed a Reference Framework of Competences for Democratic Culture that defines 20 competences around values, attitudes, skills and knowledge, and critical understanding The role of democratic culture and unity in diversity nowadays are of paramount importance in higher education. 3) "My mother has dedicated all her resources to support me. She has developed big hope in me when I joined university. If am fired from this university, I can't imagine how heartbroken she is to be.If I score 'B' in your course, I am sure I will pass this semester. So, my Teacher, for my poor mother's sake, I want you to give me a 'B' grade." 4) In spite of the best efforts of the scientific community, no cure for the COVID -19 pandemic has been yet discovered.Therefore, I conclude that it is pointless to continue spending large sums of money looking for a cure. 5) We ought always to respect the right of every Ethiopian to vote Therefore we must allow convicted criminals the right to vote.

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1) Fallacy: Fallacy of composition. Just because all students attending Bule Hora University come from one of the ten states, it doesn't mean that every individual student, like Kebede, must come from one of those states.2) No fallacy.3) Fallacy: Emotional appeal (appeal to pity). The argument relies on the emotional manipulation of the teacher by invoking feelings of guilt and sympathy rather than presenting valid reasons for earning a 'B' grade.4) Fallacy: False dilemma. The argument presents a false dichotomy between the absence of a cure for COVID-19 and the justification for spending large sums of money on finding a cure. It overlooks potential benefits or advancements that could arise from continued research efforts.5) Fallacy: Non sequitur. The conclusion that convicted criminals should be allowed to vote does not logically follow from the premise that every Ethiopian has the right to vote.

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