as. Some students investigated was repeated chip was weighed. ffect of sucrose concentration on the change in mass of The results are showing five more are shown in beefroot chips and five different concentrations of sucrose solutic Figure 6 (i) Calculate the percentage change in mass for chip 5. Give your answer to an appropriate number of decimal places. (ii) Explain the difference in the changes in mass of chip 5 and chip 2.

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as. Some students investigated was repeated chip was weighed. ffect of sucrose concentration on the change in mass of The results are showing five more are shown in beefroot chips and five different concentrations of sucrose solutic Figure 6 (i) Calculate the percentage change in mass for chip 5. Give your answer to an appropriate number of decimal places. (ii) Explain the difference in the changes in mass of chip 5 and chip 2.

Answer 1

(i) The percentage change in mass for chip 5 is -14.42%. (ii) The difference in the changes in mass of chip 5 and chip 2 is due to the difference in the concentration of the sucrose solution. In higher concentrations of sucrose solution, water molecules move out of the beetroot cells into the solution, causing the cells to lose water and shrink, which results in a decrease in mass. In lower concentrations of sucrose solution, water molecules move into the beetroot cells from the solution, causing the cells to gain water and swell, which results in an increase in mass. This is due to the process of osmosis.

Answer 2

## Step 1: Calculate the percentage change in mass for chip 5 The formula for calculating the percentage change in mass is: ### \[ \text{Percentage change in mass} = \frac{\text{Final mass} - \text{Initial mass}}{\text{Initial mass}} \times 100\% \] For chip 5, the initial mass is 2.15 grams and the final mass is 1.84 grams. ## Step 2: Substituting the values into the formula Substituting the values into the formula, we get: ### \[ \text{Percentage change in mass} = \frac{1.84 \text{ g} - 2.15 \text{ g}}{2.15 \text{ g}} \times 100\% \] ## Step 3: Perform the calculation Performing the calculation, we get: ### \[ \text{Percentage change in mass} = -14.42\% \] The negative sign indicates that the mass of the chip decreased. ## Step 4: Explain the difference in the changes in mass of chip 5 and chip 2 The difference in the changes in mass of chip 5 and chip 2 can be attributed to the difference in the concentration of the sucrose solution. Chip 5 was immersed in a higher concentration of sucrose solution (0.8 mol/dm³) compared to chip 2 (0.2 mol/dm³). In higher concentrations of sucrose solution, water molecules move out of the beetroot cells into the solution, causing the cells to lose water and shrink, which results in a decrease in mass. This is due to osmosis, a process where water molecules move from an area of lower solute concentration (inside the beetroot cells) to an area of higher solute concentration (the sucrose solution), through a semi-permeable membrane. On the other hand, in lower concentrations of sucrose solution, water molecules move into the beetroot cells from the solution, causing the cells to gain water and swell, which results in an increase in mass.

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