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2. (a) Define each of the following terms as applied to a.c generation: (i) instantaneous values; (ii) amplitude: this is the (4 marks) (b) With the aid of a labelled diagram, explain the operation of a.c generators. (8 marks) (c) With the aid of a circuit diagram, describe voltage measurement using a voltage transformer in a single phase a.c circuit. (5 marks) (d) A current of 245 A flows through a 39mu F capacitor connected across a 50 Hz supply. Determine the supply voltage. (3 marks) __

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2. (a) Define each of the following terms as applied to a.c generation: (i) instantaneous values; (ii) amplitude: this is the (4 marks) (b) With the aid of a labelled diagram, explain the operation of a.c generators. (8 marks) (c) With the aid of a circuit diagram, describe voltage measurement using a voltage transformer in a single phase a.c circuit. (5 marks) (d) A current of 245 A flows through a 39mu F capacitor connected across a 50 Hz supply. Determine the supply voltage. (3 marks) __

2. (a) Define each of the following terms as applied to a.c generation: (i) instantaneous values; (ii) amplitude: this is the (4 marks) (b) With the aid of a labelled diagram, explain the operation of a.c generators. (8 marks) (c) With the aid of a circuit diagram, describe voltage measurement using a voltage transformer in a single phase a.c circuit. (5 marks) (d) A current of 245 A flows through a 39mu F capacitor connected across a 50 Hz supply. Determine the supply voltage. (3 marks) __

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<p> <br />(a) <br />(i) Instantaneous values: These are the values of voltage or current at a specific moment in time in an alternating current (a.c) waveform.<br />(ii) Amplitude: This is the maximum value of the voltage or current in an a.c waveform.<br /><br />(b) An a.c generator operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction. When a coil rotates in a magnetic field, an electromotive force (EMF) is induced in the coil. The diagram typically includes a rotating coil within a magnetic field, slip rings, and brushes. As the coil rotates, it cuts through the magnetic field lines, inducing an alternating voltage.<br /><br />(c) Voltage measurement using a voltage transformer in a single-phase a.c circuit involves connecting the primary winding of the transformer to the supply voltage. The secondary winding is connected to a voltmeter. The transformer steps down the voltage to a safe level for measurement. The circuit diagram includes the primary and secondary windings of the transformer and the voltmeter connected to the secondary winding.<br /><br />(d) 200 V<br /></p>

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<p><br />(a) <br />(i) Instantaneous values: These are the values of voltage or current at a specific moment in time in an alternating current (a.c) waveform.<br />(ii) Amplitude: This is the maximum value of the voltage or current in an a.c waveform.<br /><br />(b) An a.c generator operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction. When a coil rotates in a magnetic field, an electromotive force (EMF) is induced in the coil. The diagram typically includes a rotating coil within a magnetic field, slip rings, and brushes. As the coil rotates, it cuts through the magnetic field lines, inducing an alternating voltage.<br /><br />(c) Voltage measurement using a voltage transformer in a single-phase a.c circuit involves connecting the primary winding of the transformer to the supply voltage. The secondary winding is connected to a voltmeter. The transformer steps down the voltage to a safe level for measurement. The circuit diagram includes the primary and secondary windings of the transformer and the voltmeter connected to the secondary winding.<br /><br />(d) To determine the supply voltage, we use the formula:<br />\[ V = \frac{I}{2 \pi f C} \]<br />where \( I = 2.45 \, \text{A} \), \( f = 50 \, \text{Hz} \), and \( C = 39 \mu \text{F} \).<br /><br />Calculating the supply voltage:<br />\[ V = \frac{2.45}{2 \pi \times 50 \times 39 \times 10^{-6}} \approx 200 \, \text{V} \]<br /></p>
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