31. A Colder stars have a greater absolute brightness B Blue stars have a lower surface temperature Brighter stars have a higher surface temperature D White stars have the highest surface temperature

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31. A Colder stars have a greater absolute brightness B Blue stars have a lower surface temperature Brighter stars have a higher surface temperature D White stars have the highest surface temperature

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Let's analyze each statement based on the information provided by the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram:A. Colder stars have a greater absolute brightness.This statement is generally incorrect. In the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, as you move to the right, the stars get colder (lower surface temperature), and as you move up, the stars get brighter (higher absolute brightness). However, the brightest stars are not necessarily the coldest. Giants and supergiants can be very bright and relatively cool, but the main sequence stars show a trend where hotter stars (towards the left) are also brighter.B. Blue stars have a lower surface temperature.This statement is incorrect. Blue stars are actually among the hottest stars, which is why they appear blue. In the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, blue stars are located on the left side, indicating a higher surface temperature.C. Brighter stars have a higher surface temperature.This statement is partially correct but can be misleading. On the main sequence, brighter stars do tend to have a higher surface temperature. However, when considering all types of stars, including giants and supergiants, there are very bright stars that are not as hot as some main sequence stars. So, while there is a trend for main sequence stars, it does not apply universally across the entire diagram.D. White stars have the highest surface temperature.This statement is incorrect. White stars, or white dwarfs, are actually very hot, but they are not the stars with the highest surface temperature. The hottest stars are typically blue and are found on the left side of the main sequence, not in the region where white dwarfs are located.Based on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram and the provided statements, the correct answer is:C. Brighter stars have a higher surface temperature (with the caveat that this applies mainly to main sequence stars).

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31. A Colder stars have a greater absolute brightness B Blue stars have a lower surface temperature Brighter stars have a higher surface temperature D White stars have the highest surface temperature

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